新冠肺炎疫情爆发以来，全球公共卫生专家们就一直在发出预警：新冠肺炎疫情对非洲大陆将是一个“重大威胁”。国际红十字会副主席Gilles Carbonnier亲身讲述如何帮助那些卫生系统相对脆弱的国家和地区走出困境？又能为本次疫情救助提供怎样的经验？全球化智库(CCG)联合凤凰卫视推出抗疫特别系列节目，资深专家深入解读！
文字实录 | 聚焦全球抗疫薄弱地带
本期嘉宾
Gilles Carbonnier（吉勒•卡尔博尼耶），红十字国际委员会副主席
凤凰卫视主持人朱梓橦：新冠肺炎疫情爆发以来，全球公共卫生专家们就一直在发出预警：新冠肺炎疫情对非洲大陆将是一个“重大威胁”。今天我们请来在国际红十字会副主席Gilles Carbonnier，看看他们如何帮助那些卫生系统相对脆弱的国家和地区
主持人：Do you think the pandemics actually causing more damage to the poorer countries and regions as well as more vulnerable groups?
（您是否认为本次大流行（新冠肺炎）对较贫困国家和地区，以及那些弱势群体造成了更大的损失？）
红十字国际委员会副主席Gilles Carbonnier（吉勒•卡尔博尼耶）：Absolutely. You’re right. I must say I’m afraid and even scared of what might happen if the virus spreads fast in the most fragile regions of the world, especially in countries that have been going through years of armed conflict, think of Afghanistan, Syria, Iraq, Myanmar, south Sudan, etc. In these places, sometimes having access to soap, water to wash hands is a luxury no one can afford.
(没错，你说的对。我很担心病毒会在一些脆弱地区迅速传播，尤其是在那些经历了多年武装冲突的国家，比如阿富汗、叙利亚、伊拉克、缅甸、南苏丹等国。在这些地方，有时甚至用肥皂水洗手都是一种奢侈，没有人能负担得起。)
In some of these places, we see that maintaining social distance is impossible. Think of refugee camps of camps where displaced people flock together and you have overcrowding in it. And the same applies to prisons and places of the tensions. So this is why the international movement of the red cross and red crescent, we are mobilizing collectively to address this pre emptive with prevention measures.
(我们认为，在这些地保持社交距离是不现实的。想想那些流离失所者聚集，人满为患的难民营，监狱和拘留所的情况也同意如此。红十字会和与红新月会正在集体动员，积极合作，希望提前采取预防措施来应对这些问题。)
主持人：Sure. Now it’s not looking too good in Africa. How do you think we can prevent Africa becoming the next epic center of the pandemic?
（当然，现在非洲的情况看起来不太好。您认为我们如何能防止非洲成为下一个疫情重灾区？）
卡尔博尼耶：Let me give you a few examples, with national societies of the red cross and red crescent inner and throughout Africa, we provide accurate information so that people can prevent the spread with appropriate measures. And they can have accurate information through radio spots, through leaflets, flyers, posters, and TV sports, and a lot of helps to make sure that provincial hospitals in the keyboards, for instance, but also referral hospitals across the country are equipped in order to first test and detect, and then isolate and take appropriate measures to receive patients with the disease.
（让我给你举几个例子，我们正在协调红十字会和红新月会在非洲各国的分会组织，通过广播，传单，海报，电视宣传等方式向当地提供准确的信息，以便人们可以采取适当措施来防止疾病的传播。同时，我们在尽力为各地区的省级医院、以及全国各地的转诊医院配置用于检测（病毒）的相关设备，以确保被检测出的患者能够接受适当的隔离措施。）
We have also started to train them, staff, health staff, in order to be able to take all the appropriate measures to protect themselves and to be able, through other provision, also personal protective equipments, to treat and address the pandemics.
（同时我们也在培训医务人员，确保他们能够在应对疫情的过程中采取适当的措施来保护自己。）
主持人：Now the international red cross has a lot of experience in dealing with outbreaks, and particularly, for example, has dealt with ebola. Do you think these experiences are helpful in dealing with that？
（现在国际红十字会在应对各种疫情方面有很多经验，尤其是在应对埃博拉病毒方面。您认为这些经验对应对当前的大流行有帮助吗？）
卡尔博尼耶：They are. very much. A lot of lessons have been drawn from fighting other pandemics, and with regard to ebola, the international committee of the red cross had been taken years back. Quite a number of measures, especially, for instance, to avoid the spread of ebola in prisons. Jails are typically overcrowded, and they’re taking preventive measures is simply not feasible unless we take a number of policies and measures with the detention authorities beforehand in order to make sure that the virus does not enter prison places, or if it enters, it is addressed very quickly.
（是的，非常有帮助。关于埃博拉病毒，红十字国际委员会早在几年前就采取了很多措施，尤其是一些针对避免埃博拉病毒在监狱内传播的措施。监狱通常人满为患，为了保证预防措施的可行性，我们事先与拘留当局采取了一些预防手段来防止病毒进入监狱，或者至少做到，即使病毒进入监狱，也会很快得到处理。）
So we are doing the same at present, we are supporting detention authorities in order to take exceptional measures, for instance, with the provisional isolation centers, we have started to increase our assistance, medical assistance, but also food assistance
（我们目前正在做同样的事情，我们支持拘留当局采取特殊措施，比如建立临时的隔离中心，为了防止疫情扩散到过于拥挤的地方，我们已经开始增加我们的援助，包括医疗援助和食品援助。）
主持人：During the pandemic, we see marginalization of certain groups and communities and some are because people are discriminated against either because of their race of other reasons. There are other issues such as certain groups of people are not getting sufficient protection against the virus. Do you think the pandemic is going to cause more social problems?
（在大流行期间，我们看到某些群体和社区被边缘化，人们或受到种族歧视，或因为其他原因。还有其他问题，如某些人群没有得到足够的保护来抵御病毒。您认为大流行会引起更多的社会问题吗?）
We don’t need discrimination, we need solidarity. And it is true that we have seen often then with a pandemics, fear may give rise to discrimination, to exclusion, to finding scapegoats. And I think that this is something which must be avoided at all costs. So the international movement of the red cross and represent we are helping to provide and spread right information, correct information in order for everyone to take the appropriate measures to prevent the spread of the virus.
（我们不需要歧视，我们需要团结。的确，流行病带来的恐惧可能会导致一些歧视、排斥他人和寻找替罪羊的行为。我认为我们需要不惜一切代价避免这些行为的发生。红十字会正在国际上尽力传播正确的信息，以便每个人都采取适当的措施来防止病毒的传播。）
But we are also making sure that the most vulnerable gets appropriate support. So we are working hard with the residents and host communities and with the displaced communities to make sure that instead of discrimination, we see solidarity, which is absolutely crucial in order to face and address the pandemics.
（同时，我们正在确保弱势群体能够得到适当援助。我们正与当地的居民，收容社区以及流离失所社区合作，力图消除歧视，团结一致，这对于应对此次疫情至关重要。）
【往期回看】
全球战“疫”观察1 | 我们不是孤岛，全球危机如何“破题”？
文章选自凤凰卫视《寰宇同舟—全球战“疫”观察》栏目，2020年4月16日
